This appendix describes the installation of the tools needed to produce a formatted version of the NetBSD guide. SGML/DocBook and the DSSSL are not described here, but at the end of this appendix there is a section containing links to useful documents which can get you started.
The SGML/DocBook environment can be installed using the netbsd-docs meta-package; this is the easiest way and you are encouraged to use it. This appendix describes the installation of the components one by one and can be used for a more fine grained installation or as a reference for troubleshooting your installation.
Note: It is possible that the netbsd-docs meta-package installs some useful packages which are not described in this document because they are not strictly needed for the NetBSD guide.
This document describes the installation of the SGML tools using precompiled packages. For details on packages see Chapter 8.
Note: the version numbers of the tools that we are going to install can change, as new versions are added to the package system.
SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) is a language which is used to define other languages based on markups, i.e. with SGML you can define the grammar (i.e. the valid constructs) of markup languages. HTML, for example, can be defined using SGML. If you are a programmer, think of SGML like the BNF (Backus-Naur Form): a tool used to define grammars.
DocBook is a markup template defined using SGML; DocBook lists the valid tags that can be used in a DocBook document and how they can be combined together. If you are a programmer, think of DocBook as the grammar of a language specified with the BNF. For example, it says that the tags
<para> ... </para>
define a paragraph, and that a <para> can be inside a <sect1> but that a <sect1> cannot be inside a <para>.
Therefore, when you write a document, you write a document in DocBook and not in SGML: in this respect DocBook is the counterpart of HTML (although the markup is richer and the concepts are different.)
The DocBook specification (i.e. the list of tags and rules) is called a DTD (Document Type Definition.)
In short, a DTD defines how your source documents look like but it gives no indication about the format of your final (compiled) documents. A further step is required: the DocBook sources must be converted to some other representation like, for example, HTML or PDF. This step is performed by a tool like Jade, which applies the DSSSL transforms to the source document. DSSSL (Document Style Semantics and Specification Language) is a format used to define the stylesheets necessary to perform the conversion from DocBook to other formats.
The life of a DocBook document is thus the following:
DocBook source document.
the DocBook DTD is used by nsgmls to "validate" the document.
Jade is used to apply the DSSSL stylesheets to the source document and generate a new document.
It is still not possible to print or view this document. The new document is just the original document where formatting directives have been added and DocBook tags removed; it could be HTML, RTF, TeX, etc.
a formatter (HTML viewer, Word or another RTF word processor, TeX, ...) is used to create the final version of the source document.
Therefore what you need to start working is
a DTD for DocBook.
the DSSSL stylesheets used by Jade, to generate HTML/RTF, etc.
the Jade program and the nsgmls parser.
Jade is an SGML/XML parser which implements the DSSSL engine. The Jade package includes the validating parser, nsgmls.
Note: OpenJade is a more recent version of Jade. It currently doesn't compile on NetBSD. It is not needed for the NetBSD guide.
Install Jade using a precompiled package:
# pkg_add jade-1.2.1.tgz
You will find some documentation in /usr/pkg/share/doc/jade/index.htm, but the most important directory installed is /usr/pkg/share/sgml/jade/: this is where you can find Jade's catalog file.
The next thing that you need to install is the DocBook DTD (i.e. the template used to write DocBook documents.)
This package requires the package with the character entity sets from ISO 8879:1986. Therefore let's add the entities:
# pkg_add iso8879-1986.tgz
The entities are installed in the directory /usr/pkg/share/sgml/iso8879/ and the catalog file is /usr/pkg/share/sgml/iso8879/catalog.
Now we can install the DocBook DTD.
# pkg_add docbook-4.1.tgz
Despite its name this package installs several versions of the DocBook DTD (i.e. 2.4.1, 3.0, 3.1, 4.0, 4.1). This lets you process documents which use different versions of the DTD.
Note: the current version of the NetBSD guide uses version 4.1 of the DocBook DTD. Therefore the other versions are not strictly necessary for the guide. Each version requires less than 250 KB so you might want to keep them in order to process other documents.
The root of the installation is /usr/pkg/share/sgml/docbook/4.1/. Each version of the DTD has a separate directory and each has its catalog file, eg. /usr/pkg/share/sgml/docbook/4.1/catalog.
Now it's time to install the DSSSL stylesheets:
# pkg_add dsssl-docbook-modular-1.57.tgz
The stylesheets install their catalog too, in /usr/pkg/share/sgml/docbook/dsssl/modular/catalog. You will find the documentation of the Modular DocBook stylesheets in /usr/pkg/share/sgml/docbook/dsssl/modular/doc/index.html.
Let's try to use the tools that we have installed and produce an HTML version of the english guide.
Cd to the base directory of the guide and then:
$ cd en
$ make netbsd.html
You will get a long list of errors, because the SGML parser, nsgmls, can't find the catalog files. Therefore, type the following commands (and add them to your ~/.profile):
SGML_ROOT=/usr/pkg/share/sgml
SGML_CATALOG_FILES=${SGML_ROOT}/jade/catalog
SGML_CATALOG_FILES=${SGML_ROOT}/iso8879/catalog:$SGML_CATALOG_FILES
SGML_CATALOG_FILES=${SGML_ROOT}/docbook/3.0/catalog:$SGML_CATALOG_FILES
SGML_CATALOG_FILES=${SGML_ROOT}/docbook/3.1/catalog:$SGML_CATALOG_FILES
SGML_CATALOG_FILES=${SGML_ROOT}/docbook/4.0/catalog:$SGML_CATALOG_FILES
SGML_CATALOG_FILES=${SGML_ROOT}/docbook/4.1/catalog:$SGML_CATALOG_FILES
SGML_CATALOG_FILES=${SGML_ROOT}/docbook/dsssl/modular/catalog:$SGML_CATALOG_FILES
export SGML_CATALOG_FILES Note: modify the commands if you are using a csh style shell.
When the SGML_CATALOG_FILES environment variable is active, do another
$ make netbsd.html nsgmls -sv netbsd.sgml nsgmls:I: SP version "1.3.3" jade -d ../dsl/myhtml.dsl -t sgml -o netbsd.html netbsd.sgml
This time everything goes well and the HTML version of the guide is generated. The RTF version is created in the same way:
$ make netbsd.rtf nsgmls -sv netbsd.sgml nsgmls:I: SP version "1.3.3" jade -d ../dsl/myrtf.dsl -t rtf -o netbsd.rtf netbsd.sgml
With this setup you can create only the HTML and RTF versions; the generation of PS and PDF requires the installation and configuration of TeX and Jadetex.
In my installations I usually create a master catalog file which references all the other catalog files. If you like this approach, create the /usr/pkg/share/sgml/catalog file containing the following lines:
CATALOG "/usr/pkg/share/sgml/docbook/3.0/catalog" CATALOG "/usr/pkg/share/sgml/docbook/3.1/catalog" CATALOG "/usr/pkg/share/sgml/docbook/4.0/catalog" CATALOG "/usr/pkg/share/sgml/docbook/4.1/catalog" CATALOG "/usr/pkg/share/sgml/docbook/dsssl/modular/catalog" CATALOG "/usr/pkg/share/sgml/iso8879/catalog" CATALOG "/usr/pkg/share/sgml/jade/catalog"
When you have created this file you can simplify your ~/.profile like this:
SGML_CATALOG_FILES=/usr/pkg/share/sgml/catalog export SGML_CATALOG_FILES
To create a printable version of the guide the following steps are needed:
installing TeX
enabling the hyphenation for the italian language
creating the hugelatex format required by jadetex
installing jadetex
The following sections describe each of the steps in detail.
You don't need to do anything special to install TeX; it's a huge package, but thanks to the package system it is easy to install. To add the packages that you need (the version numbers could be different):
# pkg_add teTeX-share-1.0.2.tgz
# pkg_add teTeX-bin-1.0.7nb1.tgz
The NetBSD guide is currently available in four languages: english, french, italian and portuguese. Of these, only english and french are automatically hyphenated by TeX. To turn on hyphenation for the italian language, some simple steps are required:
Edit /usr/pkg/share/texmf/tex/generic/config/language.dat and remove the comment (%) from the line of the italian and portuguese hyphenation. I.e.
%italian ithyph.tex %portuges pt8hyph.tex
become
italian ithyph.tex portuges pt8hyph.tex
Note: as more translations of the guide become available, you will probably need to enable other hyphenation patterns as well.
Now the latex and pdflatex formats must be recreated:
# cd /usr/pkg/share/texmf/web2c
# fmtutil --byfmt latex
# fmtutil --byfmt pdflatex
If you check, for example, latex.log you will find something like
Babel <v3.6Z> and hyphenation patterns for american, french, german, ngerman, italian, nohyphenation, loaded.
Note: there are many ways to perform these operations, depending on your level of expertise with the TeX system (mine is very low.) For example, you could use the texconfig interactive program, or you could recreate the formats by hand using the tex program.
If you know a better way of doing the operations described in this appendix, please let me know.
Jadetex requires the hugelatex format, which is not included in the default installation of teTeX. Make a backup copy of /usr/pkg/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf and add the following lines at the end the file (we will need the jadetex and pdfjadetex settings when we install Jadetex later):
% hugelatex settings main_memory.hugelatex = 1100000 param_size.hugelatex = 1500 stack_size.hugelatex = 1500 hash_extra.hugelatex = 15000 string_vacancies.hugelatex = 45000 pool_free.hugelatex = 47500 nest_size.hugelatex = 500 save_size.hugelatex 5000 pool_size.hugelatex = 500000 max_strings.hugelatex 55000 font_mem_size.hugelatex = 400000 % jadetex & pdfjadetex main_memory.jadetex = 1500000 param_size.jadetex = 1500 stack_size.jadetex = 1500 hash_extra.jadetex = 15000 string_vacancies.jadetex = 45000 pool_free.jadetex = 47500 nest_size.jadetex = 500 save_size.jadetex 5000 pool_size.jadetex = 500000 max_strings.jadetex 55000 main_memory.pdfjadetex = 2500000 param_size.pdfjadetex = 1500 stack_size.pdfjadetex = 1500 hash_extra.pdfjadetex = 50000 string_vacancies.pdfjadetex = 45000 pool_free.pdfjadetex = 47500 nest_size.pdfjadetex = 500 save_size.pdfjadetex 5000 pool_size.pdfjadetex = 500000 max_strings.pdfjadetex 55000
This is how the hugelatex format can be created according to the Jadetex installation guide:
# cp -R /usr/pkg/share/texmf/tex/latex/config /tmp
# cd /tmp/config
# tex -ini -progname=hugelatex latex.ini
# mv latex.fmt hugelatex.fmt
# mv hugelatex.fmt /usr/pkg/share/texmf/web2c
# ln -s /usr/pkg/bin/tex /usr/pkg/bin/hugelatex
Note: as before, there is more than one way to create the hugelatex format. The one outlined above is more thoroughly described in the Jadetex install guide.
Another possibility is to add the following lines describing the hugelatex format to the fmtutil.cnf file (in the /usr/pkg/share/texmf/web2c directory)
# hugelatex format created for jadetex hugelatex tex language.dat latex.inisave the file and run the command
fmtutil --byfmt hugelatex.
Note: you can get jadetex from http://sourceforge.net/projects/jadetex/
Fetch the most recent distribution of Jadetex (currently jadetex-3.12.zip), unzip it, then:
# cd jadetex
# make install
# mktexlsr
# cd /usr/pkg/bin
# ln -s tex jadetex
When you install the jadetex and pdfjadetex format files are copied to the tex tree along with other utility files.
The jadetex distribution contains two manual pages that are not installed automatically. You can just copy them manually; for example:
# cp jadetex.1 pdfjadetex.1 /usr/local/man/man1
Now you are ready to create the Postscript version of the NetBSD guide (and of any document you like, of course.)
You can find a simple and well written introduction to SGML/DocBook and a description of the tools in SGML comme format de fichier universel.
The official DocBook home page is where you can find the definitive documentation on DocBook. You can also read online or download a copy of the book DocBook: The Definitive Guide by Norman Walsh and Leonard Muellner.
For DSSSL start looking at nwalsh.com.
Jade/OpenJade sources and info can be found on the OpenJade Home Page.
If you want to produce Postscript and PDF documents from your DocBook source, look at the home page of JadeTex.
The home page of Markus Hoenicka explains everything you need to know if you want to work with SGML/DocBook on the Windows NT platform.